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This dissertation examines intelligence surveillance of private telecommunications and its compatibility with the international human right to privacy in Art. 17 ICCPR and in Art. 8 ECHR. These articles provide comprehensive protection against the most modern forms of surveillance including bulk interception. Several criteria apply in terms of the foreseeability of the surveillance laws. Telecommunication’s interception should be subject to authorisation and supervision by independent authorities and effective remedies should be available. Moreover, the study analyzes the extent to which the surveilling state and the state of residence violate their human rights obligations in cases of cross-border surveillance. The main question is whether the established definitions of "jurisdiction" are applicable to this extraterritorial scenario. The extraterritorial exercise of jurisdiction can also be based on effective control over specific objects relevant to human rights. According to this approach, telecommunications data are objects relevant to individual’s right to correspondence and data protection.

secret service --- spying --- telecommunications

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This dissertation examines intelligence surveillance of private telecommunications and its compatibility with the international human right to privacy in Art. 17 ICCPR and in Art. 8 ECHR. These articles provide comprehensive protection against the most modern forms of surveillance including bulk interception. Several criteria apply in terms of the foreseeability of the surveillance laws. Telecommunication’s interception should be subject to authorisation and supervision by independent authorities and effective remedies should be available. Moreover, the study analyzes the extent to which the surveilling state and the state of residence violate their human rights obligations in cases of cross-border surveillance. The main question is whether the established definitions of "jurisdiction" are applicable to this extraterritorial scenario. The extraterritorial exercise of jurisdiction can also be based on effective control over specific objects relevant to human rights. According to this approach, telecommunications data are objects relevant to individual’s right to correspondence and data protection.

Law --- secret service --- spying --- telecommunications

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Conflict in cyberspace is becoming more prevalent in all public and private sectors and is of concern on many levels. As a result, knowledge of the topic is becoming essential across most disciplines. This book reviews and explains the technologies that underlie offensive and defensive cyber operations, which are practiced by a range of cyber actors including state actors, criminal enterprises, activists, and individuals. It explains the processes and technologies that enable the full spectrum of cyber operations. Readers will learn how to use basic tools for cyber security and pen-testing, and also be able to quantitatively assess cyber risk to systems and environments and discern and categorize malicious activity. The book provides key concepts of information age conflict technical basics/fundamentals needed to understand more specific remedies and activities associated with all aspects of cyber operations. It explains techniques associated with offensive cyber operations, with careful distinctions made between cyber ISR, cyber exploitation, and cyber attack. It explores defensive cyber operations and includes case studies that provide practical information, making this book useful for both novice and advanced information warfare practitioners.--

Cyber intelligence (Computer security) --- Cyber spying --- Cyberintelligence (Computer security) --- Cyberspying --- Intelligence, Cyber (Computer security) --- Computer security

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Espionage --- -Covert operations (Espionage) --- Operations, Undercover (Espionage) --- Spying --- Undercover operations (Espionage) --- Intelligence service --- Spies --- -Espionage --- Covert operations (Espionage)

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Computer networks --- Cyber intelligence (Computer security) --- Computer security --- Cyber spying --- Cyberintelligence (Computer security) --- Cyberspying --- Intelligence, Cyber (Computer security) --- Security measures